UMzantsi Afrika unikezela ngenyanga yeThupha ekuhlonipheni abafazi abangenaloyiko ababemi ngokuchasene nemithetho yedompasi ekhohlakeleyo yango-1956, bephawula njengeNyanga yaBasetyhini. Eli xesha alipheleli nje ekunikezeni imbeko koovulindlela abakhaliphileyo bokulingana ngokwesini kodwa likwabalaselisa imizabalazo eqhubekayo abafazi boMzantsi Afrika bale mihla abajongene nayo. Ngaphandle kwamanyathelo abalulekileyo ekufezekiseni ukulingana, imiba efana nobundlobongela obusekelwe kwisini (GBV), ukungafani kwezoqoqosho, ukungalingani kwezempilo, kunye nemiceli mngeni yentlalo-zopolitiko ibeka imiqobo ebalulekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, uMzantsi Afrika uvela njengesibane sethemba ekufezekiseni ukulingana ngokwesini; ngokweNgxelo yakutshanje ye-Global Gender Gap ekhutshwe yi-World Economic Forum (WEF) ye-2023. UMzantsi Afrika ubhalise ukuphucuka okukhulu kakhulu ngo-2023 ngamanqaku amahlanu eepesenti + ukuphuculwa ukusuka ngo-2022. Kodwa nangona ilizwe liphawuleka ngempumelelo xa kuthelekiswa nabalingane balo behlabathi, kukwacacile ukuba usemninzi umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe.
UGqirha Linda Meyer, ingcali yolawulo kwakunye neMD yeThe Independent Institute of Education’s Rosebank College uthi ukujongana nemimiselo ehlala ihleli yoluntu, ukuphucula ukufikelela nomgangatho wokukhathalela impilo kuwo onke amabhinqa, nokukhuthaza ukumelwa kwabasetyhini kumacandelo asakhasayo kuqoqosho zezinye zeendawo eziphambili ezisafuna ukugxila nokuphuculwa ngakumbi eMzantsi Afrika.
“Nangona indlela eya kukulingana ngokwesini ngokupheleleyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo iyenyukela kwaye igcwele imicelimngeni, ukuphuculwa koMzantsi Afrika kutshanje kukhanyisa ikamva elinethemba. Iphulo elingapheliyo leli lizwe lokuqhubela phambili ukulingana ngokwesini libhala kwakhona ibali lalo kwaye limisela umzekelo oncomekayo kwilizwekazi le-Afrika liphela nakwihlabathi liphela,” utshilo.
I-Global Gender Gap Index, eyaqala ukusekwa yi-World Economic Forum ngo-2006, yaqulunqwa ukulinganisa inkqubela ekufezekiseni ukulingana ngokwesini kunye nokuququzelela uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lokungafani ngokwesini kwimilinganiselo emine ephambili: ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezoqoqosho, ukufikelela kwimfundo, impilo kunye nokusinda, kunye nokuxhotyiswa kwezopolitiko.
Injongo ephambili yale ngxelo yonyaka kukubonelela nge-metric ehambelanayo yokuhlola inkqubela phambili yexesha elide malunga nokulingana ngokwesini. Ukunamathela kwindlela yokusebenza eqaliswe ngo-2006, isalathisi kunye nohlalutyo lwaso olulandelayo luxhalabele ngokuyintloko ukuhlola nokulinganisa ukulingana phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla.
Iqondo lokuqhubela phambili ukuya kukulingana ngokwesini, okubonakaliswe njengenqaku lokulingana, libalwa njengomlinganiselo wexabiso lesalathisi ngasinye samabhinqa kunye namadoda. Inqaku lokulingana le-1 lifuzisela ukulingana ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, umsantsa wesini umele ukuphambuka kule meko yokulingana okugqibeleleyo. Kwi-2023 Global Gender Gap rankings, uMzantsi Afrika ubekwe kwindawo yama-20 kumazwe angama-146 ngenqaku elingu .787 / 1. I-Iceland, iNorway neFinland zibethe iindawo ezintathu eziphezulu, amazwe ase-Afrika iNamibia (indawo yesibhozo) kunye neRwanda (indawo yeshumi elinesibini) ikwindawo ephambili eMzantsi Afrika. I-Algeria, iChad, kunye ne-Afghanistan zibekwe kwiindawo zokugqibela ze-3.
“Uvavanyo olwenziwe kule ngxelo lugxile ekuhlalutyeni ukungafani ngokwesini phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda kuzo zonke iziphumo zoqoqosho, zemfundo, ezempilo, kunye nezopolitiko, ezixhomekeke kwidatha ekhoyo,” kutsho uGqr Meyer.
“UMzantsi Afrika ubhale inkqubela ebonakalayo kwingxelo yalo nyaka, nto leyo ebonisa ukuzibophelela ngokuqinileyo kweli lizwe ekunciphiseni umsantsa wesini. Lo mkhuba kufuneka unike imvakalelo yethemba ngaphakathi kweli lizwe kwaye kufuneka usebenze njengempefumlelo kunye nomzekelo kummandla obanzi wase-Afrika kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe,” utshilo.
Ingxelo yonyaka ye-WEF ivavanya ngokungqongqo amazwe angama-146 kwimilinganiselo emine ebalulekileyo ukubonelela ngomfanekiso omkhulu wokulingana ngokwesini kwihlabathi liphela. Xa kuthelekiswa nohlelo lonyaka ophelileyo, uMzantsi Afrika ubone ukuphucuka okukhulu kwizikhundla.
“Ukujonga ngokusondeleyo indlela eliqhuba ngayo uMzantsi Afrika kutyhila ukuba izikhundla zeli lizwe zibonakalisa ukukhutshwa kwelungelo lokuvota kwezoqoqosho amabhinqa asajongene nako kwi-Economic Participation and Opportunity,” utshilo uGqirha Meyer. UMzantsi Afrika ukwindawo yama-81 kumazwe ali-146, wafumana amanqaku .676 / 1.
“Urhulumente woMzantsi Afrika umisele imigaqo-nkqubo eyomeleleyo yokwandisa inxaxheba yabasetyhini emsebenzini nokuvala umsantsa wemivuzo ngokwesini. Ngenxa yoko, isizwe sibone ukunyuka kwenani lamabhinqa anegalelo emisebenzini kunye nokwehla okuphawulekayo komsantsa wemivuzo ngokwesini. Ezi ziganeko zibonisa ukuqhuba ngokuqinileyo koMzantsi Afrika ekusekeni ukulingana ngokwesini.”
Malunga nokuXhotyiswa kwezoPolitiko, uMzantsi Afrika uye wakhula rhoqo kwinani lamabhinqa athatha ubunkokheli kunye neendima zokuthatha izigqibo. Oku kunyuka kokumelwa kwabasetyhini kwezopolitiko linyathelo elifanelekileyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba amabhinqa akaphelelanga nje ekufumaneni amaphulo okuxhotyiswa, kodwa banegalelo elikhutheleyo ekubumbeni umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu, utshilo uGqirha Meyer. UMzantsi Afrika ukwindawo ye-13 kumazwe ali-146, wafumana amanqaku .497 / 1 kolu didi.
UMzantsi Afrika nawo uhleli uqinile ekugcineni ukulingana kwawo okufutshane kwi-Educational Attainment, uqhubeke nomkhuba othembisayo ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo, obekwe kwindawo yama-43 kumazwe ali-146 ngenqaku elingu .998 / 1. Eli lizwe liye laqhubeka nokusebenza ngamandla kudidi lwezeMpilo nokuSinda, elibekwe kwindawo yama-29 kumazwe angama-146 ngenqaku elingu .998 / 1, nangona lijamelene nemiceli mngeni yezempilo yoluntu efana nengxaki ye-HIV / AIDS, echaphazela ngokungalinganiyo abafazi.
“Ingxelo ye-Global Gender Gap 2023 isikhumbuzo esibalulekileyo sokunyanzelisa kwehlabathi jikelele ekufezekiseni ukulingana ngokwesini,” utshilo uGqr Meyer.
“Uhambo oluya kukulingana ngokwesini lude kwaye lifuna uhoywa, kwaye ukufezekisa le njongo kufuna umzamo ozinzileyo noqokelelweyo kuzo zonke izizwe. Kuyakhuthaza ukuba amazwe afana noMzantsi Afrika enze inkqubela ebalulekileyo phambili kwaye ngabadlali abaxabisekileyo kolu sukelo lwehlabathi lonke lokulingana nokumisela umzekelo kwihlabathi liphela.”
